SERVICE BEYOND THE SEAS: ADVANCED BASES, EXPEDITIONS, AND LANDING OPERATIONS - Section IV
SERVICE BEYOND THE SEAS ADVANCED BASES, EXPEDITIONS, AND LANDING OPERATIONS 1899-1923 SECTION FOUR GRADUATION Racial nativism returned California to the world’s stage when the California legislature passed the Alien Land Act of 1913. In it, they brought Japanese-American relations to a head much like the San Francisco School Board did in 1906. Japan protested the act discriminated against Japanese living and working in the U.S., and that it discouraged immigration. Just installed in the White House, Woodrow Wilson’s administration discouraged the California law, but recognized that the Navy must be ready in the Pacific for potential hostilities. This tension returned PLAN ORANGE to the forefront of the Navy’s planning efforts, and they sought Army buy-in for the plans. The greater geopolitical friction continued to make the Navy’s plans, and the Marines’ advanced base force as relevant as ever. [1] Despite the best intentions behind opening the Advanced Base School, the accelerated ope...